(versione italiana qua)
I was prompted to write by your recent address to the General Assembly of Assolombarda, the association representing businesses in Lombardy, in which you announced that you and Minister Giorgetti are working to introduce a tax incentive for software investment in the forthcoming budget law.
I very much welcome the intention to introduce such a measure. For the past twenty years, first as president of the Italian Association of University Professors of Informatics and later as president of the European association bringing together university informatics departments, I have worked to raise awareness across society of the importance of software for growth and development.
This is all the more true of an economy such as Italy’s, which has built its strength on excellence in specialised manufacturing niches. The availability of sophisticated software is now an essential component for competing successfully in an increasingly digital and dynamic global market.
There is, however, one point I believe deserves attention. According to UNCTAD-WTO data, Italy is expected to record a negative trade balance in computer services of approximately $1.1 billion in 2025 (category: computer services, which includes bespoke software development, consulting, maintenance and cloud< services). The deficit is limited relative to trade, and the balance alone does not say how much of the incentivized spending will go to foreign suppliers. The value of imports, about 6.6 billion dollars in 2024, shows, however, that a non-negligible share of our demand is already met by foreign firms.
The risk, therefore, is not that the incentive is wrong in itself, because the first to benefit are the Italian firms that invest, and such investment can lead to an increase in their productivity. The risk is that, without adequate complementary measures aimed at strengthening Italian supply, part of the resulting economic benefit will flow abroad.
To achieve this national objective in a world where digital technology is becoming ever more sophisticated and competition increasingly intense, we must invest in education, both at school and university level, so that Italy can significantly strengthen its long-term capacity to develop, manage and adapt software. Building these skills is not something that can be achieved durably in a few years.
Earlier this year, the Minister of Education and Merit in your government introduced an important school reform under which informatics is being introduced into the curriculum from primary school, starting in the current academic year.
This has been done not only to introduce informatics as basic cultural education, because all citizens must now know what this science that underlies the digital world we live in is, but also to ensure that more young people can go on to choose it as a subject of study at university. If we increase the number of people in Italy capable of writing software, a larger share of investments can be directed toward solutions developed or integrated in Italy.
The reform introduced by Minister Valditara will not be enough unless it is accompanied by a serious investment in teacher education, so that teachers are properly equipped to teach informatics in schools. The United Kingdom, for example, established a national centre in 2019 with £84 million in funding to train teachers. We also need a strong development of degree programs in informatics, which must produce the technicians businesses need, currently in insufficient numbers in our country.
Italy does not need to build another Microsoft or Google. That is not what our country needs. What we need is for every business, even one with just ten employees, to have an informatics specialist capable of identifying and developing software solutions suited to its specific needs, and adapting them as the business grows and its operating environment changes. Every company is different, and each operates in circumstances that evolve day by day. Every business needs a solution tailored to its own needs. However, unless its software is continually evolved by someone who understands the company's operational context, it will not be able to fully meet those needs, because, by its very nature, software is rigid and mechanical and lacks the necessary flexibility.
This remains true even when software is built on artificial intelligence technologies. However sophisticated these technologies may be in certain fields, they do not possess the deep understanding of the real-world dynamics of a specific organisation that human beings have. That is why investing in people's informatics education remains the true strategic priority, even in the age of artificial intelligence.
It is therefore necessary to include two measures in the budget law focused on these two aspects: informatics education for school teachers and strengthening degree programs in informatics.
I am well aware that these are long-term measures, but I believe that you, the first woman to serve as Prime Minister of Italy, have a strong strategic sense and fully grasp the importance of initiatives in this direction for our country's long-term growth.
--The original version (in italian) has been published by "StartMAG" on 15 October 2026.
